With an allergy in the body, a distortion of immune responses occurs, which causes it to produce antibodies against harmless substances from the external environment, including food. A diet for allergies helps to reduce the strain of immunity in the presence of violations of its work (autoimmune diseases, etc. ) or if it has not yet been formed (in babies).The article provides a list of hypoallergenic foods, a list of foods that should not be consumed, nutritional recommendations for nursing mothers.
hypoallergenic products
Food is foreign to the body in terms of its DNA structure, but this does not normally cause reactions. Even with a sufficient amount of enzymes, some protein molecules do not undergo complete fermentation into amino acids, and can be absorbed into the bloodstream unchanged, causing allergies. An allergy diet is made up of such products. They are vegetables, grains and fruits that grow in the human region, do not have a bright red color and do not contain many of the animal proteins and immune agents from which they were obtained.
When it comes to food allergies, remember thatyou can't eat these foods:
Coffee, cocoa, chocolate.The reaction to these products is accompanied by cross-allergy to legumes. They are usually triggered by the caffeine and theobromine in these products.
Semi-finished products, smoked products.They contain preservatives, food additives that cause true and pseudo-allergic reactions. When smoked, many carcinogens are formed.
mushrooms.Rich in protein and difficult to ferment, they contain chitin and glucans in the cell wall.
legumes(peas, beans, peanuts, lentils) - are known as a rich source of plant proteins, which serve as allergens.
Milk.In addition to the casein protein, milk contains antibodies to create passive immunity in the offspring of the animals from which it is obtained (cows, goats, etc. ).
Eggs.They contain protein albumin and other nutrients necessary for the developing bird embryo and can cause a reaction.
Fish and seafood.The presence of a heat treatment resistant M protein antigen was established in them.
cross allergy(vegetables and fruits). If the patient is allergic to pollen, reactions occur to fruits and vegetables that have similar pollen in structure or that belong to the same genus (poplar, willow, apple). By reacting to pollen, it's easier to determine exactly which foods to eliminate.
Me at.It contains a lot of protein, but usually due to denaturation during its preparation, the sensitization capacity is greatly reduced.
Cereals,especially wheat. They contain gluten, albumin and gliadin.
Pseudoallergic reactions and some hypervitaminoses have manifestations similar to allergies. The main difference is the appearance of symptoms at the first entry of foreign peptides into the body and the dependence of the severity of the deterioration of the patient's condition on the amount of food ingested. Such reactions appear in fruits and vegetables that are bright red, sometimes orange (tomatoes, pomegranates, citrus fruits, strawberries).
What to eat - food list
hypoallergenicdiet requires elimination of first order allergens(exotic fruits and vegetables, strawberries, cocoa, mushrooms, peanuts, nuts, coffee, honey, seafood, eggs, fish and milk with its derivatives - powdered milk and cheeses), andmoderate consumption of secondary allergens(cereals - wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat; vegetables; potatoes; currants; cranberries; apricots; blueberries; fatty meats with rich broths; herb tinctures).
The following types of food are allowed:
Lean meat;
foods subject to partial fermentation during cooking;
products specific to the place of residence;
white and green vegetables;
offal;
cereals.
Shopping list
hypoallergenic productsallowed to eat:
Cereals: semolina, rice, as well as oats and pearl barley.
Low-fat sour milk products without additives, homemade are best: cottage cheese (9%), kefir (1%), boiled fermented milk.
Meat: lean beef, turkey, pork.
Offal (beef, pork): liver, tongue, kidneys.
Cod and sea bass.
Buckwheat, rice or corn bread.
Oil: butter, sunflower, olive.
Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, cauliflower.
Rutabagas, pumpkin, zucchini, turnips.
Broccoli, green salad, spinach, herbs.
Green apples, pears, white currants and cherries, currants.
Apple and pear compote (also dried), rosehip broth, weak tea.
Still mineral water.
Diet and nutrition for allergies
Foods for allergies in children and adults are prescribed in the form of medical charts. The list of products and menus areaccording to dietary tables number 5 and number 9.
in children
An anti-allergic diet in children requires the simultaneous exclusion of products that potentiate the reaction and the elaboration of a diet that spares the digestive organs (in children, gastrointestinal dysfunction often occurs due to very heavy foods, due to the immaturity of the liver and an amount lower enzyme levels than in adults). It is necessary to use low-fat hypoallergenic products with sufficient carbohydrate consumption. For thisproper medical table number 5, with the exception of food immune irritants.
Table number 5
Also used for gastrointestinal dysfunction, liver and gallbladder diseases.
Nutrients:
Proteins - 80-90 g / day (in the ratio of animal and vegetable protein 3: 2);
fats - 70-75 g / day (¼ - for vegetable oils);
carbohydrates - 360 g / day (equivalent to 80-90 g of sugar);
water - 2-2. 5 l / day;
calories - 2400 kcal / day.
Recommended products:
Bakery products:dried, from bran flour and 1st grade flour, yesterday's bread, premium biscuits, low-fat.
It's impossible: fresh cakes, muffins.soups.Vegetable soups with zucchini, cauliflower or Brussels sprouts, spinach, squash; milk soups with milk diluted in water (1: 1); with heavily cooked cereals (semolina, oatmeal, rice). For dressing - butter, sour cream, flour.
It's impossible: broths of meat, fish, beans and mushrooms.Me at.Lean types: rabbit, turkey, chicken, lean beef, pork; cooked without skin and lived. Meat is boiled, steamed in the form of minced meat or a whole piece (chicken).
It's impossible: brains, kidneys, smoked and sausage products, fried and boiled meat in pieces, fatty poultry (duck, goose) and meat (pork, beef).Fish.Low-fat varieties, mostly freshwater. Boiled or steamed, in the form of chops and a whole piece.
It's impossible: fried, in bulk, fatty varieties; salted, stewed, canned; caviar.Dairy.Low-fat dairy products: fresh cheese (5-9%), sour cream (15%), kefir (1%), boiled fermented milk (2. 5%). Milk diluted with water for soups, cereals.
It is impossible: full-fat cottage cheese, sour cream, cream; processed and hard cheese; whole and dry milk.Eggs.0. 5-1 piece/day; steamed and boiled.
It's impossible: more than 1 egg a day, other dishes.Cereals.In water, milk with water (1: 1) - rice, semolina, oats, buckwheat (limited), vermicelli, semolina and rice souffle, buckwheat and rice flour.
Not allowed: legumes, millet.Vegetable.Potatoes, carrots, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts, spinach, squash, broccoli, zucchini, zucchini, boiled or steamed squash, cucumbers.
It's impossible: white cabbage, onions, pickled vegetables, canned food, pickles, beets, radishes, radishes, turnips, sorrel, garlic, tomatoes, mushrooms, vegetables.Fruits, sweets.Green apples, currants, limited - apricot, white cherries and currants, pears in raw form, pureed and cooked; as part of jam, mousse, jelly.
Not allowed: acidic fruits, exotic fruits, bright red fruits, creams, chocolate, ice cream.sauces.In vegetable broth, decoction of cereals, with a small amount of low-fat sour cream; with unroasted flour.
It's impossible: mayonnaise, ketchup, meat, fish, mushroom broth; fatty and spicy sauces.Drinks.Weak green tea without additives; compote of pears, apples and currants; of dried fruits; decoction of rosehip.
It's impossible: cocoa, coffee, black tea and tea with additives (including lemon); bright red fruit compotes; citrus drinks; carbonated drinks.fats.Butter - up to 30 g / day; sunflower and olive oil (limited).
The time during which a person must sit on an anti-allergic diet is limited: for adults - 2-3 weeks; for children - 7-10 days. If, when the diet is canceled, a rash on the skin and manifestations of recurrence of the allergy appear, then the product to which the reaction occurred should be excluded.
Table number 9
It is prescribed for metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and allergic diseases. It requires restriction of carbohydrates in the diet, so it is mainly prescribed for adults and children with intolerance to lactose, sucrose, etc.
Nutrients:
Proteins: 85-90 g/day (50-60% - animal origin);
Fats: 70-80 g/day (40-45% - vegetable oils);
Carbs - only complexes; 300-350 g/day;
Water: 1. 5-2 l/day;
Caloric content: 2200-2400 kcal/day.
Recommended dishes and products:
Flour:bran, protein bran bread, 2nd degree flour; wheat protein. Sugar-free cookies and sweets (at the expense of bread).
It's impossible: muffins, puff pastry, premium flour products.Soups:vegetable; borscht and cabbage soup in a weak broth; beet; weak broths of simple meat and fish; vegetable okroshka / with meat; soups with meatballs (fat-free).
It is impossible: rich and fatty broths; mushroom soups; with beans.Me at:lean beef, veal, lamb, pork (loin/white ball); rabbit, turkey, chicken; boiled tongue; liver (limited). In stew, boiled, in steam form; you can boiled meat after frying lightly chopped and a piece.
It is impossible: smoked meats, sausages, fatty meat, duck, goose, stew.Fish:lean varieties steamed, lightly fried, grilled, roasted without oil. Canned food in tomato (limit).
It's impossible: fatty varieties, exotic varieties of marine fish; Seafood; semi-finished products, pickles and preserves in oil; caviar.Dairy:low-fat milk (1. 5-2. 5%), or diluted with water for cereals; low-fat fermented dairy products (cottage cheese 0-5%; kefir 1%; ryadanka 2. 5%); moderately - sour cream 15%. Salt-free varieties of low-fat cheese (cheese, feta, ricotta).
It's impossible: cream; sweet curds; hard and salty cheeses.Eggs:no more than 1. 5 pieces/day; boiled (soft boiled, boiled); steamed protein omelets; reduce yolk consumption.
Cereals:moderately (according to carbohydrate norm): corn, barley, buckwheat, barley groats, oats.
Not allowed: pulses, rice, pasta, semolina.Vegetable:potato (limit XE), eggplant, cucumber, tomato and beetroot (limited), carrot, broccoli, zucchini, squash, lettuce, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower, spinach, zucchini, squash. Cooked, boiled and baked dishes; limited - fried.
It's impossible: pickles, conservation.Snacks:vinaigrette, vegetable caviar (zucchini), fresh salads, soaked herring, fish aspic, meat, diet cheeses (except tofu), meat jelly.
It's impossible: smoked meats, fatty snacks, sausages, lard, snacks with liver and mushrooms, pickles, preserves.Fruits, sweets:fresh fruits and berries (sweet and sour), jellies, pasta, sambuca, jams; sweets with sugar substitute.
Not allowed: chocolate, sweets, ice cream, jams, exotic fruits (bananas, figs, dates), raisins and grapes.Sauces, Spices:low fat in vegetable, weak meat and fish broths; limit - tomato sauce, pepper, mustard, horseradish.
Not allowed: greasy sauces with lots of spices.Drinks:tea without additives, fruit and vegetable juices (sugar free), rosehip broth.
Not allowed: Sugary drinks, sodas, grapes and other fruit juices/sweet fruits.fats:lean butter, olive and unsalted.
It's impossible: meat and cooking fat (fries, lard, etc. ).
In breastfeeding mothers
A hypoallergenic diet for a nursing mother prevents food reactions in a newborn and reduces gas formation in a baby. Strictdietary restrictions are important in the first 3 months of a baby's life, Why:
Nervous regulation of digestion and peristalsis remains immature (one of the causes of colic in newborns);
the digestive system is adapting: previously, the child received nutrients from the mother's blood through the umbilical cord; gastrointestinal tract motility and the production of gastrointestinal hormones are initiated, the active production of bile and pancreatic, duodenal and gastric juices;
enzymes in the baby's body are produced in limited amounts. Excess nutrients are not digested, which also causes cramping and bloating.
unformed immunity (up to 6 months). The body's protection is provided by immunoglobulins in breast milk.
When compiling the diet of lactating women, it is important that it has enough calories. Daily energy consumption due to lactation increases by 500 kcal.
Due to the growing adaptive capacities of the child's body, the hepatitis B diet should be as strict as possible for the first 1-2 weeks of the child's life, with a gradual relaxation of dietary restrictions and the introduction of a small amount of new products.
1-2 weeks
Completely excluded (What is impossibleeateven in small doses)
cocoa and chocolate;
coffee, strong tea;
legumes;
fatty meat, rich broths;
oily and marine fish;
fruit;
white cabbage;
milk;
eggs;
premium flour muffins and cakes;
Honey;
nuts.
Available in limited quantities:
1st degree flour cookies, bran flour;
lean varieties of fish;
liver (except poultry);
lean meat, chicken;
corn, buckwheat;
butter and oil;
roasted green apples;
potato;
sugar;
tea.
The basis of the diet is (savinghypoallergenicFood):
low-fat dairy products;
lean meat: rabbit, turkey; weak lean beef broths;
vegetables and their broths: cauliflower, Brussels sprouts; broccoli; patisson, zucchini, zucchini; spinach; some onions and carrots;
cereals: rice, buckwheat, millet, wheat, oats; moderately - corn, semolina;
fermented dairy products: cottage cheese 5-9%; 15% sour cream; kefir, boiled fermented milk, diet cheeses (ricotta, feta, unsalted cheese);
herbal teas (including lactation teas: anise, fennel, dill, chamomile), rosehip decoction, weak green tea without additives;
desserts: 1st degree flour cookies or bran; dry bread with bran (you can - a sandwich with a thin layer of butter no more than 1 piece / day), cookies (with bran, from premium flour - limited);
2-3 weeks - 1. 5 months
Completely exclude highly allergenic foods, such as for the first 14 days, with the exception of:
Milk.Use diluted milk no more than 1-2 times a week to make cereal. If a rash appears on the baby's skin, milk is excluded from the diet of a nursing mother.
eggs.In the cooked form, no more than 1 piece/week; in the absence of reaction in the baby - take to 1 piece / day, limit protein.
Gradually introduce into the diet:
Fruits and vegetables characteristic of the yellow and red region:pumpkin, yellow apples (starting with 1/4 of an apple a day in the baked form), bananas (from 1/4 a day); increase in potatoes in the diet; beets (boiled with 1 tablespoon grated); tomato (start by adding tomato paste (1/2 packet for 4 servings) or steamed vegetables (no more than 1/2 medium tomato at a time)); new vegetables are always introduced in boiled/boiled form.
Different types of meat:beef, veal, pork, chicken (low-fat parts - white ball, sirloin, etc. ). Increase liver intake, gradually introducing chicken liver.
Increase your intake of lean fish.
The diet is always adjusted to the child. If the baby develops a rash when a new product is switched on, it will immediately be removed from the woman's diet.
Up to 3 months, the nervous system of the intestine is not yet formed, so you cannot eat foods that promote the formation of gases and are difficult to digest:
fatty meat, strong broths, lard;
legumes;
heavy fruits and berries rich in fiber and sugar: cherries, grapes, pears.
3-6 months
The main adaptation phase is complete. Now, in a woman's diet, you can gradually include all foods except:
Cocoa, chocolate, coffee;
semi-finished products, sausages and smoked meats;
sauces (mayonnaise, ketchup);
honey, nuts;
citrus and strawberries.
The other products are introduced gradually, observing the baby's reaction (appearance of colic, skin rashes). It is advisable to include soups with legumes in the diet of the 4-5 months of the child's life, starting with 1/4 of the portion at a time.
In one day, 1 new product is introduced to monitor the baby's condition. Therefore, borscht and other complex dishes should be consumed after the baby is used to all the ingredients (beets, tomatoes, cabbage, etc. ).
6-12 months
After 6 months, complementary foods are introduced to children, so you cannot adhere to dietary restrictions (except for the hyperallergens above).
Complementary foods start with cereals (buckwheat, rice, wheat), giving 1 teaspoon as the first serving. Porridges are cooked in breast milk and water, without the addition of fats and spices. For the first feeding, it is permissible to give homemade fermented dairy drinks from low-fat milk (2. 5%): kefir, yogurt without additives and sugar. The child receives only fresh food (1-2 days after preparation).
They start to introduce complementary foods at lunchtime (12: 00), breastfeed the baby. For a week, the child must adapt to a portion of food that replaces complementary foods. After that, the previously introduced product is given in the morning (8. 00-9. 00), and new products are introduced for lunch.